B-58 Bear Ejection - The animals were drugged before flight and ejected at different speeds and altitudes to determine how well the system worked.
A scary bear emerges from the ejection seat after exiting a supersonic jet during the Cold War.
B-58 Bear Ejection
He was one of six Himalayan and American black bears used to test the Convair B-58 Hustler's pilot ejection systems — only to be taken down later to determine their effects on the body by autopsy.
Convair B 58 Hustler
The animals seen here in the US Air Force video were drugged before takeoff and ejected at different speeds and altitudes to determine how well the system worked.
A white paper from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, which conducted the tests, stated: “Nobody sustained any internal injuries, and no spinal cord fractures occurred in any of the tests.
"American black bear suffered liver damage partially caused by anesthesia overdose, autopsy finds."
The four-engined B-58 Hustler flew at Mach 2 — twice the speed of sound — and was developed at the height of the Cold War to drop bombs in the event of a nuclear war with the Soviet Union.
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In a 1961 test at Brooks Air Force Base in Texas, the animals were ejected from 45,000 feet at speeds of Mach 1.6.
In the video, the bear can be seen with its jaws closed and ejected from the capsule after the plane lands.
Ed Grabianowski, science writer for i09.com, said: “On the one hand, using roots for these tests was a very practical solution to the problem.
“On the other hand, it's hard not to be horrified when you imagine the horror and chaos these animals went through.
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The pilot's ejection system had two stages: the first handle pulled the pilot's legs and locked them in the shell, and the second handle ejected the capsule when the rocket exploded.
A parachute then deploys automatically. The capsule can float and contains survival equipment in case of an accident.
The white paper describes what the bears went through: "They experienced vertical and horizontal acceleration on the front of the head, skin on the front and right of the buttock, and landed on hard ground."
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About 96 feet long from end to end, it was powered by a quartet of GE J79 engines—the same ones used in the twin-engine F-4 Phantom. With an afterburner of about 60,000 lbf thrust, the Hustler can briefly touch Mach 2 and carry four B43 or B61 nuclear bombs to a combat radius of 1,740nm, with a ceiling height of about 70,000 feet.
To solve the problem of rescuing his crew at such high speeds and altitudes, Hustler used clamshell injection capsules:
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To make sure the capsules worked, they were tested on live chimps and bears, the latter, a 108-pound female polar bear named Yogi, shot from 35,000 feet from a B-58 in flight. 60. Years ago this week.
The only supersonic ejector on file at the time was F-100 Super Saber test pilot George Smith, who abandoned his plane at Mach 1.05 in 1955 and spent the next five days in a coma. .
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